integration

The decision to admit new members to the European Communities or the European Union (EU) has always been a power reserved to the member states. Since its creation in 1974, the European Council has been used by the Heads of State or Government to...

The European Union (EU) faces numerous challenges for the electoral cycle 2024–2029. In face of a drastically changed global environment, the leadership at the helm of the Union’s key institutions has defined the European agenda accordingly....

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has changed the European security architecture, leading to previously unthinkable reactions in Central and Eastern Europe. Due to their geographical and historical proximit⁠y to Russia, the countries around the...

This article examines the structural challenges hindering institutionalised security and defence cooperation between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) post-Brexit. At the end of the tumultuous Brexit process, the UK under Boris...

The European Union (EU) as a key actor in international economic and trade policy is facing new challenges in the era of geopolitics. Acknowledging this altered context, the article makes three contributions: First, it conceptualises what can be...

The European Union promotes democratisation in the European neighbourhood. Despite this policy, however, the region is characterised by de-democratisation and autocratisation. The authors explain this by behavioural, institutional and structural...

Liberal democracy is under massive pressure worldwide due to the transformation of party systems, economic and welfare state models, and disruptions to the global power structure. In view of these internal and external disruptors, research is...

The 2024 reform of the Stability and Growth Pact promises nothing less than a radical reset of European fiscal policymaking. Aimed at addressing the mounting debt burdens of certain member states of the European Union, the reform emphasizes greater...